Many cases of neck pain are diagnosed based on the patient’s medical history and physical exam. Check for unusual sensations, such as tingling that goes into the shoulders, arms, or fingers. Test muscles in the shoulder, arms, or hands for any signs of weakness. Perform simple tests with a rubber hammer to examine reflexes in the biceps, triceps, and forearm, which can show whether nerves in the neck are sending signals as intended. Even if the neck has full range of motion, the doctor will note whether that is achieved with ease or if certain movements cause pain or struggles. Check to see how the neck moves side to side, up and down, and rotates compared to what would be considered normal. Feel along the neck’s soft tissue for signs of muscle spasms, tightness, or tenderness. Examine the posture, particularly the neck and shoulders, and inspect the neck for any lesions or abnormalities. After a medical history, the doctor performs a physical examination that includes:
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